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Make Sure to Not Claim an Ineligible Dependent on Your Taxes

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Family income set. Characters planning and bookkeeping budget and household spending. People making savings in piggy bank. Financial management concept. Vector illustration.Claiming dependents on your tax return can significantly reduce your tax liability through exemptions, deductions, and credits. However, claiming an ineligible dependent—whether accidentally or intentionally—can lead to serious consequences, including IRS penalties, delayed refunds, and even audits. Understanding the rules and repercussions is essential for responsible tax filing.

Who Qualifies as a Dependent?

Before diving into the risks of misclaiming, it’s important to understand the criteria the IRS uses to determine dependent eligibility. There are two main categories:

1. Qualifying Child

Must meet all of the following:

  • Relationship: Your child, stepchild, sibling, or descendant.
  • Age: Under 19, or under 24 if a full-time student (no age limit if permanently disabled).
  • Residency: Lived with you for more than half the year.
  • Support: Did not provide more than half of their own financial support.
  • Filing Status: Not filing a joint return (unless only to claim a refund).

2. Qualifying Relative

Must meet all of the following:

  • Not a qualifying child of another taxpayer.
  • Gross Income: Less than the IRS threshold (e.g., $4,700 in 2023).
  • Support: You provided more than half of their support during the year.
  • Relationship or residency: Related to you or lived with you all year.

Common Mistakes That Lead to Claiming Ineligible Dependents

  • Sharing custody: Divorced or separated parents may both try to claim the same child.
  • Adult children: Claiming a child who earned too much or provided most of their own support.
  • Extended family or roommates: Claiming individuals who don’t meet relationship or residency requirements.
  • Double claiming: Both taxpayers in a split household claim the same person.

Consequences of Claiming an Ineligible Dependent

Delayed or Rejected Refund

If the IRS detects a problem (especially if the dependent’s Social Security Number has already been used), your return may be flagged and your refund delayed or denied.

Amended Returns or Audits

You may be required to file an amended return and repay any credits or refunds you received in error. This can trigger an IRS audit, which may require documentation of eligibility.

Penalties and Interest

The IRS can impose penalties for negligence or fraud, along with interest on unpaid taxes.

Loss of Valuable Tax Credits

Claiming an ineligible dependent may incorrectly qualify you for:

  • Child Tax Credit (CTC)
  • Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)
  • Dependent Care Credit
  • Head of Household status

If disallowed, you may lose eligibility for these credits for up to 10 years if the IRS deems the claim fraudulent.

What to Do If You’ve Made a Mistake

1. Don’t Ignore IRS Notices

If you receive a notice or letter from the IRS about your dependent claim, respond promptly with any requested documentation or corrections.

2. File an Amended Return

Use Form 1040-X to amend your return if you realize you’ve claimed someone who doesn’t qualify. This can reduce penalties if done proactively.

3. Seek Professional Help

A tax professional can help assess your situation and guide you through rectifying the mistake and dealing with the IRS.

Tips to Avoid Errors

  • Use tax preparation software with dependent eligibility checks.
  • Keep thorough records: proof of residency, school records, income, and support documents.
  • Coordinate with other household members or ex-spouses to avoid duplicate claims.

Final Thoughts

Claiming a dependent can offer significant tax benefits, but the rules are strict and must be followed carefully. If you’re unsure whether someone qualifies, it’s better to double-check than risk penalties or audits. When in doubt, consult a licensed tax professional or the IRS website for guidance.

Business Tax Planning for Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) Sunset

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The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017 introduced substantial tax reductions and incentives for businesses, many of which are set to expire by the end of 2025. As this sunset approaches, businesses must engage in strategic tax planning to mitigate potential financial impacts. This article outlines key considerations and strategies for businesses to prepare for the post-TCJA landscape.

Key Provisions Set to Expire

Several significant tax provisions benefiting businesses are scheduled to lapse, including:

  • Corporate Tax Rate Stability – The TCJA permanently lowered the corporate tax rate to 21%. However, potential legislative changes could lead to rate increases, making it essential for businesses to anticipate higher tax burdens.
  • Qualified Business Income Deduction (QBI) – Pass-through businesses (LLCs, S corporations, sole proprietorships) currently enjoy a 20% deduction on qualified business income. This deduction is set to expire, potentially increasing taxable income for these entities.
  • Bonus Depreciation – The TCJA allowed businesses to deduct 100% of the cost of eligible property in the year of acquisition. This provision is set to phase out gradually, reducing to 80% in 2023, 60% in 2024, and fully expiring in 2027.
  • Interest Expense Deduction Limitations – The TCJA limited the deduction of business interest expenses to 30% of adjusted taxable income. With the expiration, businesses may face tighter restrictions, impacting debt-financed operations.
  • Research & Development (R&D) Expensing – The immediate expensing of R&D costs may revert to a five-year amortization schedule, affecting businesses that rely on innovation and technological advancements.

Strategic Tax Planning Approaches

To navigate these impending changes, businesses should consider the following strategies:

  1. Accelerate Deductions and Capital Investments – Taking advantage of the remaining bonus depreciation and Section 179 expensing rules before they phase out can optimize deductions.
  2. Evaluate Business Structure – With the potential expiration of the QBI deduction, pass-through businesses may reassess their entity type and consider whether a C corporation structure is more tax-efficient.
  3. Optimize Interest Expense Planning – Businesses relying on debt financing should explore restructuring loans or increasing equity financing to minimize potential tax liabilities.
  4. Maximize R&D Credits – Companies engaged in research activities should ensure they are fully leveraging available tax credits before the amortization requirement takes effect.
  5. Plan for Potential Rate Increases – If corporate tax rates rise post-TCJA, businesses may benefit from accelerating income recognition under the current lower rates.

Conclusion

The sunset of the TCJA presents both challenges and opportunities for businesses. Proactive tax planning can help mitigate adverse impacts and maximize available benefits. Consulting with tax professionals and financial advisors will be essential in navigating the evolving tax landscape and ensuring continued profitability.

By taking strategic action now, businesses can position themselves for a smoother transition and financial stability in the post-TCJA era.Interest rate finance and mortgage rates. Wooden block with percentage sign on many level of stack of coin. Financial growth, interest rate increase, inflation, sale price and tax rise concept.

What are Tax Credits?

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Notebook with tax credit sign on a table. Business concept.Taxes are an integral part of running a business, and they often represent a substantial portion of your expenses. However, there’s good news for businesses looking to reduce their tax burden and stimulate growth – business tax credits. These credits provide financial incentives for companies to invest in various activities, from research and development to promoting renewable energy. In this article, we’ll explore what business tax credits are, how they work, and how they can benefit your company.

What Are Business Tax Credits?

Business tax credits are financial incentives offered by governments at the federal, state, or local level to encourage businesses to engage in certain activities that benefit society, the environment, or the economy. These credits work by reducing a company’s tax liability, effectively lowering the amount of taxes they owe. They serve as a reward for businesses that invest in activities that align with the government’s policy objectives.

Types of Business Tax Credits

There are various types of business tax credits available, each with its own set of eligibility criteria and benefits. Here are some common types:

1. Research and Development (R&D) Tax Credit: This credit is designed to encourage businesses to invest in innovation and research activities. It can help offset the costs associated with developing new products, processes, or technologies.

2. Renewable Energy Tax Credits: These credits are intended to promote the use of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy. They can significantly reduce the cost of investing in clean energy initiatives.

3. Investment Tax Credits: These credits reward businesses for investing in specific projects or assets that promote economic growth or job creation. They are often used to stimulate investment in economically distressed areas.

4. Low-Income Housing Tax Credit: Aimed at promoting the development of affordable housing, this credit provides incentives for businesses to invest in housing projects for low-income individuals and families.

5. Work Opportunity Tax Credit: This credit encourages the hiring of individuals from specific target groups, such as veterans and individuals with disabilities. It can offset a portion of the costs associated with employing these individuals.

Benefits of Business Tax Credits

Business tax credits offer numerous advantages for companies:

1. Reduced Tax Liability: The most apparent benefit is the reduction of your company’s tax liability. This translates into cost savings that can be reinvested in your business, used for expansion, or allocated to other vital activities.

2. Encouragement for Investment: Tax credits provide a financial incentive to invest in areas such as research and development, clean energy, or affordable housing. This encourages businesses to participate in activities that contribute positively to society and the economy.

3. Competitive Advantage: By taking advantage of available tax credits, your business can gain a competitive edge. This is especially relevant in industries where innovation, sustainability, and social responsibility play a significant role.

4. Stimulated Growth: Many tax credits are designed to spur economic growth, create jobs, and improve local communities. By participating in these initiatives, your business can be a catalyst for positive change.

How to Access Business Tax Credits

To access business tax credits, follow these steps:

1. Identify Eligibility: Determine which tax credits your business may be eligible for. Consult with a tax professional to assess your eligibility accurately.

2. Document Activities: Keep meticulous records of the activities that make you eligible for the tax credits. Proper documentation is essential to substantiate your claims.

3. File Accurate Tax Returns: Ensure your tax returns accurately reflect the credits you are claiming. Mistakes can lead to delays and audits.

4. Consult with Professionals: Tax professionals, accountants, and legal experts can help you navigate the complex world of tax credits, ensuring you maximize your benefits while staying compliant with tax laws.

Business tax credits offer a valuable opportunity for businesses to reduce their tax liabilities and invest in activities that promote growth, innovation, and social responsibility. By understanding the available credits and working with professionals to access them, your business can not only thrive financially but also contribute to positive change in your community and beyond.

Rules for Borrowing From Your IRA

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Hands of a young Asian businessman Man putting coins into piggy bank and holding money side by side to save expenses A savings plan that provides enough of his income for payments.Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAs) are designed to help you save for retirement, and they come with a set of rules and regulations to encourage long-term savings. While it’s generally not recommended to dip into your IRA before retirement, there are certain circumstances where you can borrow from your IRA without incurring penalties or taxes. However, it’s crucial to understand the rules and potential consequences of doing so. In this article, we’ll explore the rules for borrowing from your IRA.

Types of IRAs

Before we delve into the rules for borrowing from your IRA, it’s essential to understand the two main types of IRAs: Traditional IRAs and Roth IRAs. The rules for borrowing from these accounts differ significantly.

1. Traditional IRA:

Contributions: You may make tax-deductible contributions to a Traditional IRA, which can reduce your taxable income in the year you make the contribution.

Distributions: Distributions from a Traditional IRA are generally taxed as ordinary income. You must start taking required minimum distributions (RMDs) after reaching the age of 72.

2. Roth IRA:

Contributions: Roth IRAs accept after-tax contributions. This means you don’t get a tax deduction when you contribute, but qualified distributions in retirement are tax-free.

Distributions: Contributions to a Roth IRA can be withdrawn at any time without taxes or penalties. Earnings, however, may be subject to penalties and taxes if withdrawn before age 59½.

Now, let’s look at the specific rules for borrowing from both types of IRAs.

Borrowing from a Traditional IRA

Traditional IRAs have strict rules regarding borrowing money, and taking funds from your Traditional IRA may result in taxes and penalties. Here are the key points to consider:

1. Early Withdrawal Penalty: If you withdraw funds from your Traditional IRA before you reach age 59½, you will typically face a 10% early withdrawal penalty. Additionally, the distribution is subject to income tax.

2. Exceptions: There are specific exceptions to the early withdrawal penalty, such as using the funds for qualified education expenses, first-time home purchases, certain medical expenses, or to cover substantial unreimbursed medical insurance premiums if you’re unemployed.

3. Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs): Starting at age 72, you are required to take minimum distributions from your Traditional IRA. Failing to do so can result in hefty penalties.

Borrowing from a Roth IRA

Roth IRAs have more flexibility when it comes to accessing your contributions, but the rules for earnings are stricter:

1. Contributions: You can withdraw your Roth IRA contributions at any time without incurring taxes or penalties. This is because you’ve already paid taxes on these funds.

2. Earnings: If you withdraw earnings from your Roth IRA before age 59½, the distribution may be subject to income tax and a 10% early withdrawal penalty, unless an exception applies.

3. Exceptions: Similar to Traditional IRAs, there are exceptions to the early withdrawal penalty for Roth IRAs, including qualified first-time home purchases and certain medical expenses.

It’s essential to note that borrowing from your retirement accounts should be a last resort. When you take money out of your IRA, you’re not only potentially subject to taxes and penalties, but you’re also depleting your retirement savings. It’s generally recommended to explore other financial options, such as emergency funds, low-interest loans, or budget adjustments, before considering an IRA withdrawal.

IRAs are intended for retirement savings, and there are rules in place to encourage responsible use. While there are exceptions to these rules, it’s vital to consult with a financial advisor or tax professional before making any decisions about borrowing from your IRA. Your financial future is at stake, and making informed choices is key to a comfortable retirement.

Beneficial Ownership Information Reporting Under the Corporate Transparency Act

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Serious millennial man using laptop sitting at the table in a home office, focused guy in casual clothing looking at the paper, communicating online, writing emails, distantly working or studying on computer at home.What is Beneficial Ownership Information Reporting?

Beneficial Ownership Information (BOI) reporting is a federal requirement by the Corporate Transparency Act (CTA). BOI reports include information about all the company’s beneficial owners.

Who is considered a Beneficial Owner?

A beneficial owner is any individual who, directly or indirectly, exercises substantial control over a reporting company or owns or controls at least 25 percent of the company’s ownership interests.

What is the Corporate Transparency Act?

The Corporate Transparency Act (CTA) is a United States federal law that aims to increase transparency in corporate ownership. The law requires that individuals considered beneficial company owners in the U.S. provide the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) with specific information.

For individuals, that includes:

  • their full name
  • date of birth
  • current residential address
  • a federally issued identification number from a driver’s license or passport

For companies, that includes:

  • legal entity name or DBA name
  • business address
  • state jurisdiction of formation of registration
  • IRS TIN

Any changes to the above reporting information must be updated with the FinCEN within 30 days of the change.

What is considered a Reporting Company?

Companies required to report a BOI are referred to as reporting companies. There are two types of reporting companies: domestic and foreign. They are defined as follows:

  1. Domestic reporting companies are corporations, limited liability companies (LLC), and other entities created by filing a document with a secretary of state or similar office in the U.S.
  2. Foreign reporting companies are entities (including corporations and LLCs) formed under a foreign country’s law and registered to do business in the U.S. by filing a document with a secretary of state or similar office.

There are 23 types of entities that are exempt from the reporting requirements. Those entities can be found on the FinCEN website.

What is the Reporting Process?

The reporting process takes place via an online portal on the FinCEN’s website. Filing begins January 1, 2024, with an initial filing window of one year (i.e., initial BOI reporting can be done from January 1, 2024, through January 1, 2025). The FinCEN will not accept BOI reporting before January 1, 2024. There is no fee for submitting this information.

New entities established after December 31, 2023, must report within 90 days of establishment.

Hefty civil ($500/day) and criminal penalties (up to $10,000) can be imposed on companies that fail to file a complete report.

To be sure that you and your firm comply with BOI reporting requirements, check with your trusted tax accountant or CPA.

Tax Tips for Businesses

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Tax Form, Tax, Income Tax, Savings, VectorAs a business owner, you should familiarize yourself with your federal, state, and local tax requirements. Understanding what your obligations are will assist you in filing returns and paying taxes accurately and on time. Whatever taxes you are required to pay, you have to be very aware that there are deadlines for remitting them and any delays on your part could result in penalties. Here are some tips that can help you avoid tax trouble with the IRS.

Employment Taxes

The IRS requires employers to withhold federal income tax and FICA (Social Security and Medicare) taxes from their employees’ wages. The IRS also wants you to remit these employment taxes, along with your company’s FICA contributions, to them in a timely manner. Failing to remit these taxes can lead to serious penalties for noncompliance. This is one issue you absolutely must stay on top of.

Remember, sole proprietors, general partners, and, usually, members of limited liability companies do not have Social Security and Medicare taxes withheld like employees do. Instead, they must pay self-employment taxes, which typically cover Social Security and Medicare.

Estimated Taxes

You must generally make quarterly estimated tax payments to cover self-employment taxes and income tax on income that is not subject to withholding. If you do not make required estimated payments on time, you may owe the IRS an underpayment penalty.

Misclassifying Workers

Employees and independent contractors are treated differently for income tax withholding and employment tax purposes. Generally, the more control you have over a worker’s tasks and hours of work, the more likely that individual is an employee. In the case of employees, you must withhold federal income tax and FICA taxes, pay your share of FICA taxes, and pay unemployment taxes. You are not required to withhold income or FICA taxes from an independent contractor. Independent contractors pay income taxes and self-employment taxes on their own. If the IRS determines that your business has misclassified employees as independent contractors, it could prove to be costly.

Keep Business and Personal Transactions Separate

Personal bank and credit card accounts should always be kept separate from business accounts. Doing so makes it easier to identify all appropriate business expenses at tax time. That, in turn, simplifies things when it comes to claiming business tax deductions.

Substantiating Business Expenses

Like every business, your company will incur various expenses that are simply the cost of doing business. Many of these business expenses will be deductible. You should have proof of purchase for those expenses that you intend to deduct. Proof can be a cancelled check (or a legible image of the check), or a credit card, debit card, or electronic funds transfer (EFT) statement that shows the payee, amount of purchase or transfer, and the date of the transaction.

It’s also important that you can provide an invoice or receipt that identifies the purchase. If it’s not clear what the business purpose for the purchase is, then you should attach a note of explanation or write directly on the invoice or receipt. This can be helpful if the deductibility of the purchase is ever questioned by the IRS. Deductions for business travel expenses have very specific substantiation requirements, so be sure you are familiar with them before claiming these expenses.

Determining what taxes your business is subject to and when those taxes must be remitted is complex. Unfortunately, errors can be costly to your business. A professional who specializes in small business tax and accounting matters can help your business put systems and procedures in place so that it can claim all the deductions it is entitled to and meet its tax obligations in a timely and accurate manner.